- If possible, we try to keep both planes (above and below the tracks) solid and big.
- If not possible, we still try to keep the GND plane solid and big, but we try to draw power planes above related tracks & components.
- If not possible, we can not do much

When we design stackup, we normally place the solid GND plane closer to the signal layer than the layer with split Power planes - so the solid GND plane has much higher effect on the tracks than the layer with split power planes.
I am not sure how the 12V plane is connected, but it may not be the ideal reference plane.
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